The 32-year-old pushed referee Ricardo De Burgos Bengoetxea in frustration after being sent off for an apparent dive.
Ronaldo will now spend a lengthy spell on the sidelines, though the sanction could have been worse - with article 96 of the Royal Spanish Football Federation's (RFEF) laws, recommending a suspension of 4-12 matches for players who push an official.
Real Madrid's star man will now miss Wednesday's second leg of the Spanish Super Cup in Madrid.
'Los Blancos' boss Zinedine Zidane, however, has confirmed the club will appeal the decision.